<classical Latinfēmina woman (see femalen.) + ‑ismsuffix. In sense 2 after Frenchféminisme (in medicine) feminization (1871 or earlier). In sense 3 after feministadj.; compare also Frenchféminisme (1896 or…
<classical Latinfēmina woman (see femalen.) + ‑ismsuffix. In sense 2 after Frenchféminisme (in medicine) feminization (1871 or earlier). In sense 3 after feministadj.; compare also Frenchféminisme (1896 or earlier), Catalanfeminisme (c1910), Spanishfeminismo (1898 or earlier), Portuguesefeminismo (1905), Italianfemminismo (1896).
Meaning & use
Contents
1.
1841–
Feminine quality or character; femininity. Now rare.
1841
Feminism, the qualities of females.
Webster's American Dictionary English Language (revised edition) App. 963/1
1857
Femminezza, feminality, feminism.
J. Millhouse, New Eng. & Italian Dictionary (ed. 2) vol. II. 224/2
1898
It is quite different with modern women's books of the introspective type... In them the true spirit of feminism dwells.
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine January 104/2
1915
As a male corset wearer and with a strong strain of feminism in my nature, I have had some years' experience of corset wearing and the use of girls' clothing.
in P. Farrer, Confidential Correspondence on Cross Dressing (1997) 100
(a) A gay man or woman whose appearance, behaviour, or identity are regarded as feminine; (also and in earliest use) such people collectively; cf… May be considered offensive: see note at sense 4a.
Medicine. The appearance of female secondary sexual characteristics in a male individual; feminization. Now rare or disused.
1875
These attributes M. Lorrain designates by the terms infantilism and feminism.
Medical Times & Gazette 24 July 105/1
1907
Feminism in man on the other hand is characterized by masculine genital organs, little developed, feminine attitude and gait, large pelvis, prominent hips, [etc.].
Med. Fortnightly 25 July 352/1
1945
The symptoms of adrenal virilism and feminism are caused by an excessive production of androgen or oestrogen by the adrenal.
H. Burrows, Biological Actions of Sex Hormones xxiii. 453
Advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex; the movement associated with this (see note below). Cf. womanismn., women's liberationn.
post-, radical feminism: see the first element.
The issue of rights for women first became prominent during the French and American revolutions in the late 18th cent., with regard especially to property rights, the marriage relationship, and the right to vote. In Britain it was not until the emergence of the suffragette movement in the late 19th cent. that there was significant political change. A ‘second wave’ of feminism arose in the 1960s, concerned especially with economic and social discrimination, with an emphasis on unity and sisterhood. A more diverse ‘third wave’ is sometimes considered to have arisen in the 1980s and 1990s, as a reaction against the perceived lack of focus on class and race issues in earlier movements.
1893
Questions relative to the ‘Rights of Women’ are the order of the day, and Feminism gains ground from year to year in all civilized countries.
Literary Digest 1 April 591/1
1897
You alluded, Mr. Goldwin Smith, somewhat disparagingly, to that phase of feminism which is so curious a feature of the present day.
Daily News 6 September 8/6
1909
Suffragists, suffragettes, and all the other phases in the crescendo of feminism.
Daily Chronicle 29 May 4/4
1913
I myself have never been able to find out precisely what Feminism is: I only know that people call me a Feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat or a prostitute.
‘R. West’ in Clarion 14 November 5/2
1950
Unlike sociologists and other tractarians, writers of fiction have recognized feminism as lying deeper than the demand for economic opportunity or political enfranchisement.
J. L. Jessup, Faith of Our Feminists i. 10
1971
In the radical feminist view, the new feminism is not just the revival of a serious political movement for social equality.
S. Firestone, Dialectic of Sex ii. 16
2011
Nowadays, saying bad stuff about men is not how feminism conducts itself.
The liberation of women from inferior social status and all forms of sexual discrimination; a movement with these aims; cf. fem lib, n., women's liber…
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence <petal> /ˈpɛtl/ but <petally> /ˈpɛtl̩i/.
Vowels
iːfleece
ihappy
ɪkit
ɛdress
atrap, bath
ɑːstart, palm, bath
ɒlot
ɔːthought, force
ʌstrut
ʊfoot
uːgoose
əletter
əːnurse
ɪənear
ɛːsquare
ʊəcure
eɪface
ʌɪpride
aʊmouth
əʊgoat
ɔɪvoice
ãgratin
ɒ̃salon
ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in <bitter>
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence <petal> /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but <petally> /ˈpɛdl̩i/.
Vowels
ifleece, happy
ɪkit
ɛdress
ætrap, bath
ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
ɑrstart
ɔcloth, thought
ɔrnorth, force
ʊfoot
ugoose
əstrut, comma
ərnurse, letter
ɪ(ə)rnear
ɛ(ə)rsquare
ʊ(ə)rcure
eɪface
aɪpride
aʊmouth
oʊgoat
ɔɪvoice
ɑ̃gratin
æ̃salon
ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
gguy
jjay
yyore
chchore
khloch
shshore
ththaw
dhthee
zhbeige
Vowels
atrap
ahpalm
airsquare
arstart
arrcarry (British only)
awthought
ayface
a(ng)gratin
edress
eefleece
eerdeer
errmerry
ikit
ighpride
irrmirror
olot (British only)
ohgoat
oogoose
oorcure
orforce
orrsorry (British only)
owmouth
oyvoice
o(ng)salon
ustrut
uhletter
urnurse
urrhurry
uufoot
Frequency
feminism typically occurs about six times per million words in modern written English.
Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.
Frequency of feminism, n., 1840–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
Decade
Frequency per million words
1840
0.0008
1850
0.0007
1860
0.0008
1870
0.0016
1880
0.0061
1890
0.021
1900
0.13
1910
0.24
1920
0.33
1930
0.31
1940
0.29
1950
0.26
1960
0.61
1970
1.8
1980
4.7
1990
6.6
2000
7.6
2010
7.0
Frequency of feminism, n., 2017–2025
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Modern frequency series are derived from a corpus of 20 billion words, covering the period from 2017 to the present. The corpus is mainly compiled from online news sources, and covers all major varieties of World English.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the corpus.